American Revolutionary War - 2411 Words

A motivating force behind the revolution was the American embrace of a political ideology called republicanism, which was dominant in the colonies by 1775. The country party in Britain, whose critique of British government emphasized that corruption was to be feared, influenced American politicians. The commitment of most Americans to republican values and to their rights, helped bring about the American Revolution, as Britain was increasingly seen as hopelessly corrupt and hostile to American interests; it seemed to threaten to the established liberties that Americans enjoyed. The greatest threat to liberty was depicted as corruption. The colonists associated it with luxury and, especially, inherited aristocracy, which they condemned.†¦show more content†¦The Americans were totally unaware that the British would try to cross the creek in separate places. Washington backtracked to Chester, Pennsylvania. A British pursuit was stopped by a rearguard unit; therefore, Howe could not occupy the abandoned capital until September 26. British deaths totaled to about 600 and American losses were 900 dead and wounded, along with 400 taken prisoner. After Howe s victory at Brandywine, his army camped at Germantown, Pennsylvania. Washington planned a surprise attack against the redcoats at sunrise. He broke the army into four separate columns for battle. The American soldiers marched to Germantown by two roads, with General Sullivan to the right and General Greene to the left. Washington, along with General Wayne, joined Sulliven and caused the British to fall back. Some hundred men ran and hid in the Chew house, a large stone building, and returned fire from the second story. Instead of by-passing the building, Colonel Knox believed that they should destroy the house with the redcoats in it. Knox s fired cannons at the home, which merely bounced back at them. The fog and smoke caused massive confusion for several others of Washington s columns. All of a sudden two American divisions collided and fired upon each other. More and more mishaps followed, and finally Washington men retreated. In June of 1775 in Charlestown the British were awaken from their sleep. The British were totally unaware of the factShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolutionary War796 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolutionary War was a long hard fought war that lasted about 8 years. Many Countries were involved in the war, such as The United States, France, Great Britain, Spain, and The Dutch Republic. Not all countries actually fought but they provided either side with weapons and supplies to help them have a greater chance of winning the war. More than 70,000 people were killed during the great American Revolutionary War. The Americans were tired of the loyalist British taking advantage ofRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War1223 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the American Revolutionary War, however, the answer is clear. While the War certainly brought about change within the United States, it wasn’t necessarily very revolutionary. The most important aspects of the colonies, such as ideas about government, various types of societal equality, slavery and freed blacks, and the rights of women remained for the most part, unaffected. The theories and ideas about government that initially gave the war a purpose were definitely revolutionary. One notableRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War1519 Words   |  7 Pages What was the purpose of the American Revolutionary War, or any revolutionary war, for that matter? There are many types of government in the world, and like everything, some are better than others. 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As time flew by, women started taking roles in the Revolutionary War, examples of rolesRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Was Truly Revolutionary?1240 Words   |  5 PagesAP U.S History: D.B.Q. American Revolution Prompt: Analyze the extent to which the American Revolutionary War was truly ‘revolutionary?’† The American Revolution, which occurred approximately from 1765 to 1786, is also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence, for good reason. The conflict rose from rising tensions amid the people of Great Britain’s thirteen American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. ClashesRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Essay517 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War in the United States, was the prosperous military revolt against Great Britain of Thirteen American Colonies which joined together as the United States of America in July 1776. Originally constrained to fighting in those colonies, after 1778 it additionally became a world war between Britain and France, Netherlands, Spain, and Mysore. The war had its inchoations in the resistance of manyRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The American Revolutionary War923 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution is known as the war fought between American and Great Britain, for Americans freedom. The American Revolution is also commonly known as the American Revolutionary War, or the U.S War of Independence. The War itself only last a short eight years, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783, but tensions had been building up for centuries between the Great Britain and the colonies at the given time period. The American Revolutionary War until 1778 was a war of independence betweenRead MoreThe Trail Of The American Revolutionary War1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trail to The American Revolutionary War The roots of the American Revolution can be traced all the way back to the year 1763 when British leaders began to tighten imperial reins. Once the relations between Britain and the colonies became more of a conflict. Britain’s land policy prohibiting settlement in the West irritated colonists as well as the arrival of British troops. The colonists believed that they should be able to live democratically. Alongside, Britain feeling as though they ownedRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War, And The Declaration Of Independence1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Colonial Period in America was a revolutionary era that lasted through the years of 1607-1776. The Speech in the Virginia Convention, written by Patrick Henry, and the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, were two major components that influenced the colonists to fight for their freedom against the British. During these Colonials times, many speeches, events, and documents, leading up to the American Revolutionary War, impacted the outcome of our nation today. The SpeechRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War : The Battle Of Yorktown Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolutionary War was a war that brought unity among American Colonies. The Colonies fought Great Britain for many years to gain their independence from the mother country. The American Revolutionary War was between the years of 1775 and 1783. There were many major battles fought, but one major battle that ended the long war was the Battle of Yorktown. The Battle of Yorktown was â€Å"fought September 28 to October 19, 1781† (â€Å"American Revolution: Battle of Yorktown†). The battle was a successful

Economics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change - 1109 Words

Economics of Carbon Emissions and Climate Change The economics of climate change is a very controversial and disputed. To even discuss what should be done economists have to either state whether or not global warming and climate change exist. According to the CATO article, Climate Change vs. Climate Models (Michaels and Knappenberger, 2013), â€Å"The models’ estimate of the increase in temperature resulting from a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration may simply be too high.† As questioned in the article, is there such thing as climate change? Next, if climate change does exist, are carbon emissions a relevant cause of such a phenomena? With all of these questions at hand, how do we deal or cope with the current environmental state through economic means? Does climate change exist? According to the U.S. Global Research Program (USGRP), climate change does exist. Not in the sense of immediate and drastic changes in the climate, but a gradual fluctuation in temperatur es that have been gathered since the early 1900s. The empirical data that has been gathered shows a steady increase in the mean maximum temperature recorded in the Canadian Climate Change Model which is the basis on the 2000 U.S. National Assessment of Climate Change. The original model generated had a sine-like pattern with a .342 °C difference between the highest crest and lowest trough. This was then proven an unworthy model when the actual empirical data was recorded with a .169 °C difference. 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Climate change has led to global warming that has affected many countries in terms of weather variation, flooding, poverty, and desertificationRead MoreCarbon Dioxide Emissions in Australia and Climate Change1375 Words   |  5 PagesMarket-based policies are a proven way to limit carbon pollution and channel capital and innovation into clean energy, helping to avert the catastrophic consequences of climate change† - EDF vice president for international climate, Nathaniel Keohan Introduction In a contemporary political setting, it is now broadly recognized that over the 20th century, the atmospheric concentrations of key greenhouse gases, particularly Carbon Dioxide have been amplified by human activity. 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In 2005, the EU establishes an effective system, which is EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) (European Communities, 2013). The EU ETS considers as effective system to combat climate change and tool to reduce CO2 and other GHG (European Communities, 2015). The EU ETS has biggest and first main emissions trading in the world. This system includes 28 countries from the EU as well Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. This trading scheme puts price on each ton of carbon emissions. As the

Traditional And Beyond Budgeting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Traditional And Beyond Budgeting. Answer: Introduction: Budgets were created to assist the managers in controlling cost and cash flows however it later became the fixed performance contracts between the supervisors of company and subordinates. Furthermore, budgets are considered as the key elements in planning financial values and transforming strategic ideas into understandable operative actions (Rka, ?tefan and Daniel 2014). The essay provides critical information of the traditional budgeting and beyond budgeting. It also discusses the rolling financial forecast and all the related tools in the organization. Criticism of Traditional budgeting: Budgeting is regarded as one of the most vital, successful and useful tool that is used inmanagerial accounting (Amato 2013). In the present age of modernization, every organization depends heavily on budgets and budgetary systems to attain strategic goal and it can harvest handsome amount of rewards given they are properly understood and implemented. Over the years, drawbacks relating to traditional budgeting have been identified. Traditional budgeting methods are regarded as time consuming and costly that hardly emphasises on the strategy and are at times contradictory. Traditional budgeting add little value and focuses on cost reduction instead of creation of value by strengthening vertical command and control (Bogsnes 2016). Though, traditional budgets have changed over the years it is understood that they could not face the changes in the economic and business environment. Therefore, traditional budget must be reshaped and alternative methods of budgeting should be created. Critics have claimed that traditional budgeting prevents the response of constantly changing the environment. Further, it focuses on controls instead of helping the organization in achieving its strategic objectives. The political power in the organization drives resource allocations rather than addressing the strategic needs that drives the traditional bu dgeting. Bourmistrov and Kaarbe (2013) has criticised traditional budgeting for its inefficiency. Traditional budgeting consumes huge amount of time and large amount of management resources. So far only a small percentage of parties that are involved in the budgeting procedure assumes that the time spend is valuable. One of the main reason behind the criticism of traditional budgeting is that it consumes huge time by using spreadsheets. Despite spreadsheet is an important tool in companies, spreadsheets have intrinsic inadequacy. They are prone to data entry errors and cumbersome in devising accurate formulations. Most of the businesses have annual budgeting cycle and the annual emphasis often make the budget out of date soon after it has been created. The traditional budgeting system falls short in motivating individuals to act in the interest of the company and it is criticised for the unprofessional attitudes in budget cost centre of the managers (Henttu and Jrvinen 2013). Perhaps traditional budgets have been criticised for preventing knowledge sharing and reinforces departmental barriers. As the managers are obsessed with the hitting the numerical figures right, they generally miss out the strategic purpose of budgeting. Traditional budgeting procedure emphasises on the cost reduction instead of value creation, which ultimately means that strategic initiatives are unjustly given lower priorities. To improve traditional budgeting: Critical evaluation with pros and cons of improving traditional budgeting: Budgeting is regarded as one of the vital, successful and useful tool that is used in the management accounting. Even though traditional budgeting has numerous shortcomings, it is still considered as the indispensible process. Traditional budgeting is considered as the framework of control as it helps in corporate budgeting to coordinate the financial activities of the company since it creates a reference point (Cardo? 2014). It offers a framework of control, which makes it easier to administer the activities with stability. Few organizations particularly banks and other types of financial institutions identifies the benefits of decentralization by maintaining the standard operating process. Therefore, traditional budgeting and the use of cost centres provide the managers the liberty of running their operations as long as they meet their set parameters. Traditional budgeting suffers from several weaknesses in the areas of efficiency and responsiveness. Traditional budgeting consumes large amount of time with huge sum ofmanagement resources (Henttu and Jrvinen 2013). However, only a small percentage of the parties involved in the process of traditional budgeting believe that the time spent is worthwhile. One of the prime weakness of traditional budgeting is that it takes up huge amount of time in the use of spreadsheet. Even though they are regarded as the most common tool among companies spreadsheet comprises of inherent shortcomings which is prone to errors of data entry with difficulty in devising accurate formulations. Furthermore, the prolonged drawbacks of traditional budgeting extend towards low responsiveness in change. A large number of companies have annual budgeting cycle and this annual focus often makes the budget very obsolete soon it has been created (Ouda and Makhlouf 2014). Reviews are not conducted on regular basis under traditional budgeting to consider change. Therefore, budgets reviews often considers longer than the needed that defeats the objectives of change adaption. Recommendations on suitability of traditional budgeting: In electronic companies traditional budgeting has been used as the forecasting tool that have turned out to be more forward looking with better linkage to the strategic planning. Several contributors believed that forecasting is more important than budgeting (Pietrzak 2013). Since the assumptions on which the budgeting numbers forms, their basis often changes very quickly. They are dependent on the forecast that are updated more frequently. However, the traditional budgeting yet serves as the basis of work particularly when something goes wrong (Rka, ?tefan and Daniel 2014). Traditional budgeting acts as the anchor even though things does not remain same in the long way but it is necessary not to lose sight that was budgeted in the first place. Forecast is considered for its high-level plans whereas traditional budgets comprises of more detail. In corporations like Guardian Industries, traditional budgeting acts as the collective process under which operating units organize their plans in agreement with the corporate goals that is published by the top management. Each unit at Guardian Industries is intended to contribute in the achievement of the corporate goals (Sandalgaard and NikolajBukh 2014). The unit managers at Guardian Industries prepare sales, operating costs, overhead cost and capital requirements. They also calculate their operating profits and return on the investment which the company intends to make use of. The traditional budgets used at Guardian Industries itself forms the projections of these values for the next calendar or financial year. Considering this as the part of this process each unit offers the company with the plan and budget to the panel of upper management. Abandoning traditional budgeting: Critical evaluation with pros and cons of improving traditional budgeting: Even though traditional budgeting has faced intense criticism it is yet used universally, it appears that most of the companies have the plans of abandoning the traditional budgeting. There are few companies that wishes to abandon the traditional budgeting and those that wish to improve the traditional budgeting (Stea and Andresen 2017). Considering the advantage of traditional budgeting, it helps in planning, coordinating and evaluation of the activities. however, traditional budgeting serves as the greatest barrier to change. One of the prime reason of abandoning traditional budgeting is that it can quickly become very irrelevant. The economy might change or the market conditions may change however the budgets only looks at the things as they were back when it was created. Abandoning tradition budgeting with Beyond Budgeting: Over the years, studies have been conducted to assess whether traditional budgeting or alternative budgeting methods is better and creates a positive impacts on the businesses. It appears that companies have the plans of abandoning it. According to Cardo? (2014) dissatisfaction on with budgeting occurs on two fronts those that takes into the considerations of abandoning financial budgeting and those that considers to improve it. Traditional budgeting served several different purposes and might create a value in past however traditional budgeting fails to work in current age highly competitive environment. Abandoning traditional budgeting in favour of beyond budgeting noticed that management have gained a new sense of power. In addition to this, they have gained benefits from faster and highly adaptive decision-making, reduced bureaucracy and lower costs. Philosophy and advantages of beyond budgeting: Beyond budgeting can be defined as the detailed notion of abolition of the traditional process of budgeting with the objective of improving the management control in the organization. Beyond budgeting enables the organizations to operate with speed and simplicity. Simplicity originates from lowering of complexity in the process of management (Zeller and Metzger 2013). Beyond budgeting helps in lowering cost by observing the supplier customer relationships in order to respond with to the demands for enhancing the quality and cost. Recommendations On the basis of the analysis conducted it is not necessary to use the model of traditional budgeting since it brings down several implications on the path of successful management of the company and achievement of goals. It is obligatory to change the traditional strategy under the one that is presupposed by the beyond budgeting approach. It is proved that it positively creates an influence on the overall efficiency on the management of the company and introduces numerous benefits. Several companies such as Google, Toyota and American Express with success of these organizations forms the model as the edge over the traditional budget. Conclusion: To conclude with budgeting is regarded as the important management activity so that it can support the main strategy implementation of the management in planning and monitoring sales. Despite the essay provided advantages of beyond and rolling budget however the programme is still in the initial stages of growth. The concept needs further research, development and practical implementation prior to the actual breakthrough is achieved through managerial accounting. References Amato, N., 2013. Forward roll: How companies can move beyond traditional budgeting.Journal of Accountancy,216(4), p.26. Bogsnes, B., 2016.Implementing beyond budgeting: unlocking the performance potential. John Wiley Sons. Bogsnes, B., 2016.Implementing beyond budgeting: unlocking the performance potential. John Wiley Sons. Bourmistrov, A. and Kaarbe, K., 2013. From comfort to stretch zones: A field study of two multinational companies applying beyond budgeting ideas.Management accounting research,24(3), pp.196-211. Cardo?, I.R., 2014. NEW TRENDS IN BUDGETING-A LITERATURE REVIEW.SEA: Practical Application of Science,2(2). Henttu-Aho, T. and Jrvinen, J., 2013. A field study of the emerging practice of beyond budgeting in industrial companies: an institutional perspective.European Accounting Review,22(4), pp.765-785. Ouda, H. and Makhlouf, S., 2014. Beyond Budgeting: is it a Substitute or Complimentary to Traditional Budgeting? An Empirical Evidence from Telecommunications Companies in Egypt.British Accounting Finance Association (BAFA),14(16), p.04. Pietrzak, ?., 2013. Traditional versus activity-based budgeting in non-manufacturing companies.Social Sciences,82(4), pp.26-37. Rka, C.I., ?tefan, P. and Daniel, C.V., 2014. TRADITIONAL BUDGETING VERSUS BEYOND BUDGETING: A LITERATURE REVIEW.Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series,23(1). Sandalgaard, N. and NikolajBukh, P., 2014. Beyond Budgeting and change: a case study.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(3), pp.409-423. Stea, V. and Andresen, J., 2017. The Fixed Budget: Outdated or Underrated?: How Swedish Privately Owned Companies Perceive The Fixed Budget And How It Is Used. Zeller, T.L. and Metzger, L.M., 2013. Good Bye Traditional Budgeting, Hello Rolling Forecast: Has The Time Come?.American Journal of Business Education (Online),6(3), p.299.

Swimmer By John Cheever Essays - The Swimmer, English-language Films

Swimmer By John Cheever In the short story ?The Swimmer?, John Cheever uses symbolism quite often. It is used to reveal the theme and show imagery. We will reflect on this short story and analyze the symbolism Cheever is most notable for. The story takes place in a very wealthy neighborhood where almost everyone has a pool. Not your average above ground pool, but enormous in-ground pools, some fed by streams. One hot summer day a man named Neddy Merrill was swimming at the Westerhazy's pool, ?Neddy Merrill sat by the green water, one hand in it, one around a glass of gin? (369) He is described as a slender man, a man of youth even though he is not young. ?He might be described as a summers day (369) Cheever compares Needy to a summer's day to show Needy as a warm, sporty person, without a care in the world. Neddy decides he is going to try and swim to his house 8 miles away in Bullet Park. He feels the ?string of swimming pools? (369) can take him home.? Making his way home by this uncommon route gave him the feeling that he was a pilgrim, an explorer, a man with a destiny? (370) In no way is he any of these things, but he thinks that to make himself feel more interesting. On his was home he knew he would see many friends and didn't want to be slowed down by conversation so he would have to be slick and slip away whenever he got tied up. It seems as though everyone was having friends over, he was offered many drinks. He swam half way home and he already had 4 or 5. ? He felt tired, clean, and pleased at the moment to be alone, pleased with everything.?(370) Along his journey he noticed some strange things going on, the Lindley's riding ring was overgrown with grass, and the Welchers have moved away. Neddy fails to remember them ever leaving. ?Was his memory failing him or had he so disciplined it in the repression of unpleasant facts that he damaged the sense of the truth.? (372) Further down along the trip he notices more and more things out of the ordinary, thing he doesn't remember. Mrs. Hakbran said, ?we've been terribly sorry about all your misfortunes? (374) She spoke of him selling the house and his troubled children. He did not understand,?was he losing his memory or was his gift for concealing painful facts let him forget he had sold the house or that his children are in trouble (374) After running into his old mistress and a very rude Grace Biswanger, Neddy finally returned home. He noticed all the lights were out. The garage was locked and the door handle was rusty. He banged on the door but there was no answer, he looked in the window and the place was empty. He should have seen it coming but he obviously didn't catch on . It seems as though that he had hid the unpleasant realities of life from his mind that he had forgotten the last few years of his life.